Holding structures, tax efficiency, and the operating company question.
| EU Inc. | Dutch BV | |
|---|---|---|
| Minimum capital | €0 | €0.01 |
| Registration | 48 hours | 1-2 days |
| Notary | No | Yes (share transfers) |
| Cross-border | 27 EU states | Netherlands only |
| Employee equity | EU-ESO | National rules |
| Tax treaties | National (of registered office) | Extensive NL network |
The Dutch BV is the go-to holding vehicle for European startups. €0.01 minimum capital, flexible governance, the Netherlands' extensive tax treaty network.
EU Inc. does not compete with the BV on tax treaty advantages. Corporate tax remains national. What EU Inc. changes is the operating layer: one entity that operates across 27 countries without subsidiaries.
The likely future structure for sophisticated companies: a Dutch BV holding company with an EU Inc. operating entity underneath.
As operating company for pan-EU operations; combined with BV for holding
As holding vehicle, tax-optimised structures, NL as investment hub
The most important comparison for founders raising capital.
Europe's most common company form, head to head.
France's flexible startup form vs pan-European reach.
Digital pioneers: two approaches.
Post-Brexit divergence and the EU question.
Old pan-European form meets new.